Internationale Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Managementwissenschaften

This research focuses on the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on local clothing brands. The primary aim of this study is to emphasize on the shifting from traditional style of doing business towards doing business online. The nature of research was quantitative and the information was collected through research articles, blogs and different websites as a secondary source, and the primary sources were the representatives of different online shopping portals, consumers and the sample size for the study is 265 and SPSS was used to do the analysis of the data.

Among the various monetary policy transmission channels, the exchange rate stands out as one of the most important, which has been widely documented in the Brazilian economic literature in recent decades? In fact, after the change to the floating exchange rate regime and the respective introduction of the Inflation Targeting Regime (RMI) in Brazil in mid-1999, the exchange rate showed considerable variability, reaching more than R $ 4.00, as in 2002 and 2015, for example, or even close to R$ 1.50, as occurred in the years 2007 and 2011. In response to domestic events with emphasis on changes in the basic interest rate in compliance inflation targets either due to external shocks, changing perceptions about the direction of the economy generally implied greater or lesser willingness for foreign capital to enter, especially in the short term, contributing to the volatility of this fundamental price of the Brazilian economy.

This paper discusses how the concept of internal marketing (IM) can be applied to achieve a competitive advantage within the public medical sector in Korea. We suggested that internal marketing is a fundamental key factor in obtaining an organization's competitive advantage. We specifically examine relationships between IM, self-efficacy, internal customer satisfaction, service innovation, internal service quality, and competitive advantage. Based on the results, we suggest some academic and practical implications.

Over the decade following the revolution, the IMF annual reports on exchange arrangements and exchange restrictions show that the Tunisian de facto exchange regime is not compliant with the de jure regime announced by the Tunisian authority. The latter claims a floating regime, except in 2013-2015, whereas the International Monetary Fund (IMF) states that it is a rather crawl-like regime, except in 2017. This discrepancy between the real and the official exchange regime is neither new nor specific to Tunisia. The IMF was aware of it and it has adopted a de facto classification since 1999. Nevertheless, this dichotomy is a bit surprising for Tunisia for the next reason: Tunisia has experienced a revolution that ended in early 2011 a dictatorship regime and established a democratic political regime supposed to be more accountable and more transparent. This controversy raises an important question: The exchange regime dichotomy stated by the IMF, does it really exist despite the transition toward democracy, or it is only an allegation that can be attributed to the inaccurate verification technique used by the IMF? In this context, the Tunisian de facto exchange regime over the postrevolution decade. The paper can be reduced to two main parts. The first part summarizes the theoretical explanations of the divergence between the de facto exchange regime and the de jure exchange regime. The second part consists of empirical verification of the Tunisian exchange regime by using descriptive statistics and econometric models.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect image, service quality and opinion leadership on students’ decision of choosing study programs through word of mouth (WOM) and customer value. The population in 13 undergraduate students in the Management Study Program with a "B" accreditation in Surabaya, with sample is 192 respondents. The model used in this study was tested with a research instrument using the Structural Equation Model. Based on the results of testing using SEM analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: The image has a significant effect on student decisions in choosing a management study program through Word of Mouth. The image has significant effect on student decisions in choosing a management study program through customer value. Service quality has a significant effect on student decisions in choosing a management study program through Word of Mouth. Service quality has a significant effect on student decisions in choosing management study programs through customer value. Opinion leadership has a significant effect on student decisions in choosing management study programs through Word of Mouth. Opinion leadership affects student decisions in choosing management study programs through customer value. Opinion leadership affects student decisions in choosing management study programs through customer value.