Internationale Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Managementwissenschaften

While examining the effect of globalization on public purchasing, the role of research and development was neglected before. Globalization is concerned with growing inequality in most highly developed economies, but also with the gap found in the vast majority of emerging economies. In most emerging economies, technological and financial development has led to growing inequality, while its impact on developed economies has been mixed. Furthermore, our findings show that the effects of GDP, foreign direct investment and the supply of unskilled workers to the effects of technology, and the effects of globalization on the supply of skilled workers to the effects of financial growth and also acts as a transmission channel. This research also examines how much the globalization effects public purchasing when R & D plays a mediating role in Pakistan. Data was used from 2002 to 2018 by applying dynamic ARDL simulation model. Dynamic ARDL simulations model has ability to calculate the real positive and negative modification in the independent variables and its influence on the dependent variable. The studied outcomes of dynamic ARDL simulations shows that foreign direct investment, research and development, gross domestic product and economic global index have positive effect on public purchasing in Pakistan while inflation, interest rate have negative effect on public purchasing in Pakistan. Based on the results of this study policy implications are suggested for Pakistan.

The most important concept is called organizational commitment in the organizational behavior dimensions and human resource management. Organizational commitment occurs in all organizations has a significant effect on the morale of workers. The organizations also require dedicated and responsible personnel. The present study explores the degree to which components of organizational commitment contribute to the faculty members’ behavior in educational institutions. This research is a descriptive correlation study and applied research. The study population includes 163 faculty members. The questionnaire of organizational commitment of Allen Mayer and the questionnaire of organizational citizenship behavior of Podsakoff was applied. Through descriptive statistics, the analysis of data was carried out including frequency, mean, and percentage, and Pearson correlation coefficient with the help of SPSS. Results revealed that there is positive and strong relationship exists between organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior.

Migration of workers is a human phenomenon which has historical roots and wider economic implications. Large-scale population mobility, accompanying structural change, is one of the fundamental features of modern economic development. Yet, attention has only recently been focused on the causes and consequences of such change. While labour migration affects the development process in a number of crucial ways, it impacts first and foremost on the labour market in sending and receiving areas. Moreover, the extant labour market structure also affects the migration process. The migration of labor from rural to urban areas is an important part of the urbanization process in developing countries. In some regions of India, three out of four households include a migrant. The effects of migration on individuals, households and regions add up to a significant impact on the national economy and society. Generally, India’s poor have meager physical assets and human capital and belong largely to so cially deprived groups such as Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST). Women share an extraordinary burden of deprivation within households. The National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) has released Report No. 533 titled “Migration in India, 2007-2008” shows that the rural urban migration is looked as ensuring livelihood security. This is due to the fact that in urban areas, it is fairly easy to get some employment in the informal sector. Besides this has social, economic, environmental and political implications, which may alter the community in the long run. Despite the increasing wage earnings from informal sector are not all that socially accepted. Due to various interconnected factors, workers in urban informal sector are looked down. In this scenario, it is important to study the patterns of migration and wage earnings in urban informal sector. Three major cities Chennai, Madurai and Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu will be selected for an in-depth exploration. Snowball sampling procedure will be employed. The secondary data will also be used for the study.

Entrepreneurs are playing an important role in the economic development of the underdeveloped country. Women’s skills and knowledge, their talents and abilities in business and a compelling desire of wanting to do something positive are some of the reasons for the women entrepreneurs to organize industries. According to World Bank, investing more in the business of women rather in men leads to the greater development of a nation. Empowering women in entrepreneurship lead to break the inequalities and reduces the poverty. Entrepreneurship plays an important role in developing a society of a fast developing country like India. Nowadays it has been realized that enterprising women have vast entrepreneurial talents which could be harnessed so as to convert them from the position of Jobseekers to Job givers.

This thesis studies company loan credit risk control and seeks to define various methods to efficiently control the risk. The thesis involves credit risk management theories. A sample of 265 persons who were customers of banks and availed loans was chosen to collect opinions through a structured questionnaire in Bangalore. The factors under study were Credit Risk, Credit Score, Interest Rates, Insurance Charges, Default Loan, and Documentation. Using Descriptive and correlation analysis, the findings were found. Results showed that a connection exists between towards Insurance charges, credit score, interest rates and default loan while availing a business loan. Qualitative research is conducted through email interviews with customers of the target bank. Besides the primary data of the interviews. The study recommended that these private sector banks management should understand how they can edge themselves against the eminent dangers of over exposure to credit risk whose importance cannot be understated as can be realized from the findings that can impact negatively on their profitability. The results of the thesis highlight some issues that restrict the case bank's credit risk management as well as suggestions on the case bank further study is also given with the results.

The study is aimed at finding relationship between crude oil price in international market and exchange rate of Indian currency. As Indian economy is import dependent with high degree of inclination to crude oil import, the forex outgo due to this impacts Indian economy. The depreciation of Indian currency due to higher demand of US Dollar and increasing trend of import dependency on crude oil aggravates the fiscal framework. The analysis is desired to find causality and autoregressive relationship between these two variables. The Real Exchange Rate return has been compared in the process with real Crude Oil price which is found after adjusting it with CPI inflation of US. The Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model was used to identify lag relationship and subsequently lag length criteria was performed. The lag exclusion test specified the significant lag order. The Granger Causality and Block Exogeneity test was subsequently performed and the parameters were found to be Block Exogenous and not Granger Causal. This outcome was re-established with the help of Variance Decomposition test. However, the Impulse test signifies impact of crude oil price shock on exchange rate of Indian currency and vice versa. The shock analysis also emphasizes the volatility of the parameters on its own shocks. The outcome concludes neither unidirectional nor bidirectional granger causality of the variables with no significant auto regression of the variances of the parameters. The analysis of impulse test confirms the short run impacts on exchange rate due to shock in the oil prices, henceforth which proves the fact about that demand of oil is elastic in short run, which is observed in most of the oil importing and emerging countries.