Zeitschrift für Biometrie und Biostatistik

Hypertension is a major public health issue and an important research topic because of its great incidence and role as a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease and other consequences. The goal of this study is to determine the association between gender and blood pressure, as well as to determine which race suffers the most from high blood pressure among study participants. It may be concluded from the findings of this study that elderly persons have a larger risk of high blood pressure than younger people. High blood pressure is also more common in African Americans (AA) than in other races. Women are more likely than men to have high blood pressure, and smokers are more likely than non-smokers to have high blood pressure. Physical activity aids in the burning of calories, which aids in weight loss. As a result, thick and hefty persons have a larger risk of high blood pressure than small people. Obesity and advancing age have been shown to be independent risk factors for high blood pressure. Improvements to surveillance systems are required, as is the introduction of community-based screening programs for the early detection of high blood pressure. Because there was a lack of understanding of high blood pressure among high blood pressure patients, improving health literacy to raise awareness of high blood pressure is also a pressing necessity. Weight control improved physical activity, increased fruit and vegetable consumption, and smoking ban are all essential and suggested interventions.

Background: The World Health Organization defines diarrhea as the passage of three or loose, or watery stools within a day or unusual frequency of diarrhea episodes. The goal of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with diarrhea among children of age under-five in Ethiopia.

Methods: Association between outcome and independent variables was done using Pearson’s chi-square test. To control for possible confounding, binary logistic regression was applied and analyzed using Stata version 14. This was asystematic literature review. A systemic search of articles was done on PubMed, TRIP, EPPI COVID Living Map, Web of Science, and medRxiv databases until 2020 using the keywords “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “coronavirus”, “hydroxychloroquine”, and “mortality”. Relevant articles were chosen for further evaluation based on a review of their titles and abstracts. In vivo and in vitro studies were included assessing the safety and effectiveness of Azithromycin and 4-aminoquinline for treatment of COVID-19 pregnant mothers.

Results: Based on this study, the prevalence of diarrhea was 15.5% of children under the age of five. The expected value of the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children from Amhara, Oromia, and Southern nations, nationalities, and people’s region was 0.47, 0.77 and 0.72 times lower than the occurrence of diarrhea among the ages of under-five children in Tigray, respectively, controlling for the other variables in the model. When we look at the source of drinking water, the odds of the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children were 0.78 times lower than children taking protected water as compared to unprotected water. In addition, the odds of the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children from a child's lives with others were 5.95 times higher than the prevalence of diarrhea for a child who lives with the respondents.

Conclusion: Region, child living with whom and source of water are the significant factor of the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children.

Every new day come up with different challenges in healthcare sector in developing country like us. So this review article tells us the role of meta-analysis in current healthcare share and current health problems dealing with ‘evidence based medicine practices’. This article is the combination of healthcare practices and meta-analysis in the field of medicine. Consideration of current trends and scenario demonstrates a consistently increase in use of meta-analysis especially in randomized controlled trials and interventional studies. Meta-analyses look for new information in existing data. Comparing the results of meta-analyses with subsequent findings from large-scale, well-conducted, randomized controlled trials (so-called RCT’s) is one way to assess the validity of this new knowledge. Such comparisons have yielded mixed findings thus far, with good agreement in the majority of cases but notable inconsistencies in others. One such exercise, for example, resulted in the publication of a paper titled "Lessons from a "successful, safe, simple intervention" that wasn't" misleading meta-analysis (use of metformin after diabetes mellitus). The inadequacies in meta-analyses that have been later challenged by data from RCT’s can often be discovered with the benefit of hindsight. So this article directly or indirectly helps to researchers to adopt new knowledge in Meta-analysis especially for current healthcare practice. We can’t separate them as healthcare and meta-analysis both are the two sides of a same coin.