Zeitschrift für chemische Wissenschaften

Organocatalysis is a branch of catalysis that involves the use of small organic molecules, called organocatalysts, to accelerate chemical reactions. Unlike traditional catalytic processes that often employ transition metals or enzymes, organocatalysis relies on the reactivity of functional groups within organic molecules to activate substrates and facilitate transformations. The concept of organocatalysis dates back several decades, but it has gained significant attention and recognition in recent years due to its broad applicability and sustainable nature. Organocatalysis offers several advantages over other catalytic methods, including mild reaction conditions, high selectivity, and compatibility with a wide range of functional groups. Additionally, organocatalysts are often readily available, cost-effective, and have low toxicity, making them attractive for industrial applications.

Organic synthesis plays a pivotal role in drug discovery, serving as the backbone of medicinal chemistry. It involves the design and construction of organic molecules with desired properties and biological activities. Organic synthesis enables the synthesis of diverse chemical libraries, lead optimization and the development of novel therapeutic agents. In this article, we explore how organic synthesis empowers drug discovery by providing innovative strategies, facilitating the synthesis of complex molecules and driving advancements in the pharmaceutical industry. we explore the innovations and applications of organic synthesis in drug discovery, highlighting its indispensable role in the development of new drugs and the advancement of the pharmaceutical industry.

Natural products have long been a source of fascination for chemists, biologists and pharmacologists due to their diverse structures and remarkable biological activities. These compounds, derived from plants, animals and microorganisms, have played a crucial role in the development of new drugs and therapeutic agents. Exploring the chemistry of natural products, including their synthesis and biological applications, has become a vibrant area of research, with scientists striving to uncover their secrets and harness their potential for the benefit of society. In this article, we delve into the world of natural products, highlighting the synthesis strategies employed and their significant biological applications.

Neurological disorders present significant challenges to public health and quality of life, affecting millions of people worldwide. These disorders, encompassing conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy, are characterized by complex pathophysiological mechanisms and a lack of effective treatments. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on unraveling the neurological frontier through the discovery of potent drug candidates. This article delves into the ongoing quest for novel therapeutics in the treatment of neurological disorders, highlighting the innovative strategies and promising advancements in medicinal chemistry.

The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway in the wrist that allows the median nerve and several tendons to pass from the forearm to the hand. The carpal tunnel retinaculum, also known as the flexor retinaculum, is a thick band of connective tissue that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the wrist and ensuring the smooth movement of the tendons and nerves that pass through the carpal tunnel.

Aflatoxin producing substances are extremely dangerous to humans and can result in cancer when taken in foods contaminated with aflatoxin. In this study, the levels of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) in samples of maize collected from several Shebelle Zone districts were quantified. It was examined using a fluorescence detector and UHPLC. The extraction solvents (80:20 v/v percent) were methanol and water. Standard solutions of aflatoxins between 0.5 and 7 g/kg (ppb) demonstrated strong linearity from the calibration curve with regression coefficient (R²) values of >0.9989. The spiked sample average percentage recoveries ranged from 89.78 to 97.87 percent. The average total aflatoxin values in the maize samples from K1, K2, and K3 were 0.14, 356.19, and 174.05 g/kg, respectively. Except for K1, all of the investigated maize samples had aflatoxin levels that above the upper tolerance limits established by international agencies like WHO, and the EU.

New bromazepam derivatives namely; 7-bromo-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[e] [1,4]diazepine -2-thione and 7-bromo-1-(4,6- dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[e] [1,4]diazepin-2-one have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, UV-visible and EI-mass). Furthermore, the fluorometric method has been developed to detect bromazepam in biological fluid. The new methods are based on measuring excitation and emission spectra of the reaction of bromazepam with cyanuric chloride in pyridine solution compared with excitation and emission spectra free bromazepam in methanolic solution.