Rizwan Ahmad, Ashok Kumar Sah and Haseeb Ahsan
Peroxynitrite, a toxic product of the free radicals, NO and superoxide, has been implicated in the pathologies of central nervous system, inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Peroxynitrite leads to sulfhydryl oxidation and lipid peroxidation as well as structural and functional alteration of proteins. Endogenous peroxynitrite has been found to mediate various effects, including DNA single-strand breakage. Peroxynitrite is a relatively longlived oxidant that may serve as an important cytotoxic agent. Its biological effects are due to its reactivity toward a large number of molecules including lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids. It is involved in tissue damage in a number of pathophysiological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders. A change in the structure of DNA could either be due to radiation or interaction with free radicals. Free radical species such as peroxynitrite make either native DNA or DNA-adducts immunogenic leading to the production of autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
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