Zeitschrift für Tiergesundheit und Verhaltenswissenschaft

Grimace Scores: Research-used Instruments to Assist in the Identification of Pain in Mammals

Abstract

Sarah Clutton

Grimace scores have emerged as a vital tool in the identification and assessment of pain in mammals. These scores, derived from systematic observations of facial expressions, offer a non-invasive and objective method for evaluating pain. This article explores the development, application, and significance of grimace scores in research and veterinary practice. It delves into the historical context, methodology, and the current state of research on grimace scales, providing a comprehensive review of their efficacy and limitations. The discussion highlights the broader implications of grimace scores in enhancing animal welfare and guiding pain management strategies, while the conclusion emphasizes the need for further research and standardization in this evolving field.