Zeitschrift für Trauma und Behandlung

Facial trauma is a serious physical injury that affects the facial bones, tissue, and skin and it is also known as maxillofacial trauma and these types of injuries are not life-threatening injuries until and unless the situation becomes severe bleeding. Injuries to the face, teeth, jaws, and mouth may result in affecting oral function, breathing, vision, facial movement, and physical appearance. If these types of injuries are left without any treatment it may lead to permanent disfigurement or serious facial impairments like inability to talk, eat, or cannot breathe properly. Facial injuries can occur due to sports injuries, falls, acts of violence, or Road accidents, and they are often characterized by swelling, pain, numbness, or bruising in the surrounding tissue. A crooked cavity, sunken cheekbone, or misaligned teeth also can be indications of facial fractures or injuries. A facial fracture is a broken bone in the face such as Nasal bones, orbital bones, zygomas bones or cheekbones, frontal or forehead bones, upper jaw (Maxillary bones), and lower jaw (Mandible bones). Some other bones are found deeper within the facial structures and muscles require for chewing and swallowing are attached to these bones.

Dental trauma is an injury related to the mouth also including teeth, lips, tongue, gums, jawbones and the most common dental trauma is a broken or lost tooth. Traumatic dental injuries mainly occur due to falls, sports injuries, and accidents, the majority of these injuries are minor. It is quite common to remove your tooth or unpick completely out, but the treatment for these kinds of injuries depends on the area, severity, and type of each injury. Sometimes, the adjoining teeth of an individual suffer an unnoticed and additional injury that can only be recognized by an intensive dental test. Dental experts who are treating traumatic dental injury, with their advanced methods and skills often can save harmed teeth. Dislodged primary teeth in children with a very rare case can be repositioned and the chipped primary teeth in children can be restored, but these knocked teeth will be replaced because it might further cause permanent damage to the underlying longlasting tooth which is growing inside the bone. Permanent teeth of a child which are not fully developed at the time of injury must need some special care and root canal treatment, but in some cases, not all of them should need root canal treatment. If any individual having a fractured tooth, either it can be repaired by reattaching the broken piece or by placing it with tooth-colored filling at that particular place.

Bleeding within the brain, also called brain hemorrhage, could be a serious medical emergency. A brain bleed may occur in many ways as a result of head trauma, bleeding or a tumor from a vessel within the brain, also described as intracranial or intracerebral hemorrhages depending on where they occur. A brain bleed may result in severe complications like loss of consciousness, body weakness, seizures, and even death. When brain bleeds has been diagnosed quickly with imaging tests, one must get medical treatment as promptly as possible. Treatment is often aimed toward reducing the bleeding furthermore as cerebral edema (brain swelling). Surgical intervention is additionally necessary if a tumor or an aneurysm (blood vessel ballooning) is that the cause. 

Traffic accidents constitute about 85% of deaths, especially in developing countries. Traffic accidents have become a source of anxiety and terror among everyone, with an impact on human, technical and environmental factors. This study aimed to identify the epidemiological, characteristics and outcomes of Road Traffic accident among patients in emergency unit during the study period. A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted among 198471 patients with road traffic injuries were registered at 15 provinces on Iraq. The data reported to the present study were collected between January 2020 and December 2020. Data onto patients were recorded including cause and location of injury, frequency and type of injury (frequency of soft tissue injuries and bone fractures), as well as age and gender distribution. Males comprised 70.2% of the total fatalities, while females accounted for 29.8%. The age group of 15-44 years was the most vulnerable (54.71%) of the total cases followed by the age group 5-14 years (20.8%) and ≥ 45 years (16.6%). Majority of victims were unemployed (61.2%) and (65%) were married. Car accident constituted the large victim group of road traffic accident fatalities and injuries (32.9%), followed by motorcycle (25.7%). The official statistics revealed of the threat to minibus (16.1%) and lorry (15.3%). out of total number of 78201 cases (39.4%) that sustained head injury, Skull fractures were found in 44361 (22.4%) cases of head injury. Among other injuries, most commonly injured abdominal organ was (16.6%) followed by the upper extremity (16.2%). Conclusion in short, it has been shown in this study that male gender, young ages, and involvement of cars and drivers and pedestrians pose a higher risk, mortality, and morbidity. Our results may be useful for forensic pathologists and clinicians and for mechanical engineers who investigate new safety devices for vehicle occupants.

Humeral fractures are among the most common fractures in the elderly and in adults. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological; risk factors and complications of traumatic humeral fracture among studied sample. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient clinics of public hospitals for the period from March to May 2021. The sample size was 178 participants. The sample was randomly selected. As well as demographic information was recorded and compared with the records. Continuous variables were reported by mean ± standard deviation; chi-square test was used for Univariate analysis and manova, mvreg for multivariate analysis. Out of one hundred and seventy eight of participants’ with humeral fracture, the mean age was 49.2 with SD 1.21 years. 55.06% were male cases and 44.94% were female; 48.02% of them had a junior school; 38.98% had a history of smoking and 21.91% of them had a history of alcohol consumption. 45.51% of them had overweight BMI. There is significant association has been found between the smoking history and humeral fracture complication with p. value less than 0.05. Our results indicated that the patients with age over 41 years had greater risk of humeral fracture than other groups (odds ratio OR=1.57; 95% CI 0.971 to 5.919). Unemployed Patients had greater risk of humeral fracture than those who has a job (OR=10.9; 95% CI 5.047 to 13.661). There are signification association has been found between age, occupation, BMI, VD supplements and smoking history with gender at the p-value less than 0.05. We need further research on this field to detect the morbidity and mortality among cases with traumatic humeral fracture complications.