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Volumen 13, Ausgabe 12 (2022)

Kleiner Rückblick

Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Covariantly Formulated in General Relativity

Espinosa Bellido*

Albert Einstein's General Relativity (GR), which he developed more than a century ago, is still probably the best physical science hypothesis. Its depiction of gravitational communication as a mathematical proof has easily passed all previous observable evaluations. Together with the Standard Model (SM) of Molecule Physical research, these two hypotheses provide a comprehensive representation of Nature at its fundamental level, essentially to the extent that our senses and tests can go. There is no fully satisfactory explanation for only two observed anomalies: the existence of dim matter and the accelerated expansion of the universe.

Kleiner Rückblick

Luminous Materials and Polymer Remnants Added to Concrete Objects: Photoelectric Radiation′s Effect

Ching Horng*

Among the many practical applications of quantum physics in engineering and architecture, photoluminescence stands out. The photoelectric effect causes some substances to release photons when exposed to solar energy. In research conducted in Europe and Mexico, these substances were used to produce a photoluminescent effect on bicycle paths. When making concrete artifacts to illuminate bike and pedestrian paths, the purpose of the study is to investigate how polymeric residues interact with the luminescent properties of rare-earth materials. After being made from recycled polymeric waste and luminescent materials, the concrete blocks were put in direct sunlight and tested for mechanical strength. Concrete's polymer residue significantly boosts photon emission, according to experiments, especially when processed via extrusion. The research objectives for a product intended to illuminate paths for cyclists and pedestrians were still met, despite the fact that the combination of polymers and photoluminescent materials weakens concrete.

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