Zeitschrift für elektrische und elektronische Systeme

From the first electric automobile built in 1888 (Flocken Elecktrowagen) to the present electric cars build by Nissan, Chevrolet, or Tesla Motors, the need to periodically recharge the vehicles’ batteries is still a challenge. Besides the battery charging process, recharging stations and the power electronics needed to optimize the energy transfer to the electric vehicles’ batteries, the question of electric power availability is inevitable. The authors of this study do not intend to emphasize the approaching end of petroleum and coal resources, facts already known; instead it is focused on the electric energy generation and consumption. The energy cycle of supply and demand has currently reached a dangerous level. Aside from the well-known fact that the world’s oil resources are nearly exhausted, the feasibility of a complete electrification in transportation is questionable. This study is based solely on the official data, publicly available, and considers the best-case scenario, as well as the worst-case scenario, with regard to implementation of electric vehicles as sole mode of transportation. The predicted electric power demand is factored in, based on national statistics and demographic trends, as the comparative study explores the possible changes in the transportation industry, based on current state of the art technology. The authors of this study refrain from making any predictions or prognosis vis-à-vis economic impact based solely on the conclusions expressed in this herein.

The Load frequency control (LFC) of power systems is one of the challenges faced under deregulated conditions. To attain the LFC optimal tuning of the controller is needed. This article proposes a solution for the LFC of two area thermalthermal power systems under deregulated conditions. The controller used is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) tuned fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The regions are interrelated by means of standard AC tie-lines. The effects of bilateral agreements between distribution companies and generation companies are also considered. To enhance optimization synthesis and to minimize the fuzzy system work the membership functions of the FLC are tuned by PSO technique. The optimal tuning is obtained by optimizing the scaling gains of the FLC. The proposed controller is evaluated under various operating conditions in a deregulated two area environments. The simulation is carried out using Simulink/MATLAB. The PSO tuned controller showed better performance with respect to conventional Proportional Integral (PI) controller and non-tuned FLC controller.

Optimal Power flow considered the backbone tool in the complex power system. The expanding in demands lead to increasing in generation that requires increase the transmission capacity, for these reasons the problem of optimal power flow OPF still under many studies in order to minimize the cost, losses, emission of harm gases, etc. FACTS is the main articles of this paper include the last nontraditional OPF methods, hybrid methods, multi-objective OPF, and OPF with FACTS devices. Also there are three Tables contain the recent stander and hybrid methods used, mostly, in solving OPF problems with their advantages, disadvantages, and their applications that may help the researchers in this field, eventually some important points have been concluded.

An industrial control user interface рrоvіdеѕ а flexible, extensible architecture fоr thе provision оf real-time process data tо а state-of-the-art user interface, uѕіng MSHTML аѕ thе underlying rendering engine. Thе architecture оf thе interface рrоvіdеѕ а user interface thаt іѕ designed tо harness key industry standard technologies іn аn open, adaptable, architecture thаt facilitates thе technological convergence оf disparate HMI products. Thе preferred embodiments offer open display page architecture vіа thе separation оf thе provision оf data аnd server specific user interactions frоm thе implementation оf individual page elements. Thе оnlу real assumption mаdе аbоut а page element іѕ thаt іt іѕ part оf thе HTML display page аnd accessible vіа thе Document Object Model.

This paper investigates the linear quadratic regulator problem for singular systems which may contain some impulse uncontrollable modes. By transforming to the Weierstrass form, impulse controllable and uncontrollable subsystems can be separated. Sufficient conditions are proposed, under which solutions to both state and costate equations for the linear quadratic regulator problem are impulse-free. The necessary conditions for the minimization of the quadratic cost function are converted to a two-point boundary value problem, which can be solved by either computing its back-time state transition matrix or solving a Riccati equation. Two examples are provided to illustrate the main results.

Enterprise Information Portal as a unified display platform of Enterprise Information has the capability of integration and display with all kinds of business system. Through bottom layer supporting lots of agreement can realize interconnection of all the business system. The paper takes Life ray EE portal as the Enterprise Information Portal platform, SOA framework and Web Service as business mode. The research on target, framework and key technology of construction of information ecosystem on Enterprise Information Portal realize closed loop of information ecosystem promoting the development of all kinds of enterprise system.

Synchronous Reference Frame Strategy for extracting reference currents for shunt active power filters have been modified using Artificial Neural Network, Genetic Algorithm based controller and their performances have been compared. The acute analysis of Comparison of the compensation capability based on THD and speedwell be done, and recommendations will be given for the choice of technique to be used. The simulated results using MATLAB model are shown, and they will undoubtedly prove the importance of the proposed control technique of aircraft shunt APF.

Non-lethal electric fence technologies gained considerable recognition in various application areas ranging from security to live-stock management and farm automation. Fence energizer, which is essentially a High Voltage Pulsed Power Supply (HVPPS), is a pivotal part of a non-lethal fence system with several design options. Marx generator, which is a well-recognized HVPPS, has never been tried as a fence energizer. This paper investigates potential of Marx generator as a fence energizer and identifies specific requirements and challenges that need to be addressed. Finally, a design of Marx generator is presented for a non-lethal electric fence having voltage rating of 40 kV, output pulse duration of 15 μs, pulse rate of up to 100 Hz and maximum output energy to be lower than 20 mJ per pulse to ensure its non-lethal nature. To meet the design requirements, a novel gate driver design is presented which is compact, cost effective and meets specific requirements of non-lethal nature of the fence.

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) with a single data collection node or ‘sink’ play major role in data acquisition (DAQ) and control systems such as smart buildings. These ‘many-to-one’ networks have unique challenges in addition to regular energy concern issues. For example, nodes closer to the sink experience high traffic and drain faster. In this paper, a priority based, distributed, quasi-planned Medium Access Control (MAC) scheduling algorithm is suggested for such network architectures. The proposed Quorum-Pattern-Priority (QPP) MAC approach reduces energy wastage due to idle-listening, overhearing and transmission of unnecessary overhead. The algorithm is tested with multiple sensor classes each with a different data trans-mission pattern. The proposed protocol shows significantly low energy consumption while providing almost ideal throughput for steady traffic. The algorithm also better handles varying traffic compared to many conventional fixed scheduling algorithms.

Improved network lifetime is an important task to be achieved by these sensor networks. In this editorial note, a methodology for evaluation of clustering efficiency, routing efficiency, energy efficiency and lifetime of two dense sensor network fields by means of a distributed clustering approach, the hybrid energy efficient clustering algorithm (HEECA) has been proposed. It is a well-distributed and energy-efficient clustering algorithm which employs three innovative techniques: zone based transmission power (ZBTP) routing using distributed relay nodes (DRNs) and rapid cluster formation (RCF). The proposed scheme is compared with two well-evaluated existing distributed clustering algorithms O-LEACH and HEED.

Constant Instantaneous Power Control Technique for extracting reference currents for shunt APF (active power filters) have been modified using Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy logic control and their performances have been compared. The acute analysis of different comparisons of the compensation capability supported total harmonic distortion and speed is going to be done, and suggestions are going to be given for the selection of technique to be used. The simulated results using MATLAB model are shown, and that they can without doubt prove the importance of the projected control technique of aircraft shunt APF.