Berichte in der Schilddrüsenforschung

What are the future aspects of reports in thyroid research.

Abstract

Tsatsaris Athanasios

Anatomically, Thyroid gland (TG) is located anteriorly in the lower neck, covering the distance from the fifth cervical vertebra till to the first thoracic. Its shape is either H or U and divided into two lobes connected with a median isthmus. Sometimes, the isthmus may be missing and only the two lobes form the gland. Their length is approximately 50-60 mm, while the gland weighs 25-30 g. Also, is highly vascularized and innervated by the autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic fibers come from the vagus nerves, and sympathetic fibers are distributed from the superior, middle and inferior ganglia of the sympathetic trunk. The produced hormones are Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxin (T4), under regulation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which is produced in pituitary gland and regulated in turn by thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH), finally produced in Hypothalamus. Moreover, Thyroid gland secrets the hormone calcitonin which is implicated in homeostasis of blood calcium level. TG is considered to be the cornerstone of entire endocrine system.