Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und Diagnose

A New Investigative Approach: How the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Interacts with Coronary Risk Factors

Abstract

Messias Antonio Araujo, Morun Bernardino-Neto, Denis Souza, Augusto Coelho Rocha, Ralf Pereira JR, Caio Siqueira Vasconcelos, Camila Leles Nascimento, Ariane Malta Pereira, Ana Leticia Vieira Castro and Elisangela Rosa Cordeiro

How each Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) genotype modulates the magnitude of the effect of each coronary risk factor.

Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is based on atherosclerosis, which is a multifactorial-multigenic disease. This study investigated when interacting with them in the genesis of this pathology.

Methods: The study included 630 subjects, including one group with 396 CAD-confirmed patients and another with 234 controls without angiographic lesions. Classical risk factors of CAD and ACE gene polymorphisms were evaluated using nested PCR. The association between the DD, ID and II genotypes with classical risk factors was analysed statistically by comparing the patient and control groups using the binomial frequency comparison test and the power test.

Results: Of the 630 individuals, 286 presented the DD genotype, and there were 251 ID genotypes and 93 II genotypes. In the comparative analysis of the genotype frequencies between the patient and control groups, the DD genotype showed the most significant difference and the highest power (p=0.0020; power=0.8454). In the analysis of the interaction between risk factors and the ACE genotype in the DD genotype, a significant difference and a high power in the family history of CAD (p=0.0043; power=0.08355); (p=0.0010; power=0.9155), high total cholesterol levels (p<0.0001; power=0.9983) and high LDL cholesterol levels (p=0.0004; power=0.9702) were found.

Conclusion: The results indicate that ACE genotypes interact differently with the same risk factors in each individual, influencing the development of CAD.